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污染物,污染物英文

2020-03-19 14:24:42發(fā)布

  污染物可有多種分類方法,按污染物的來(lái)源可分為自然來(lái)源的污染物和人為來(lái)源的污染物,有些污染物(如二氧化硫)既有自然來(lái)源的又有人為來(lái)源的。按受污染物影響的環(huán)境要素可分為大氣污染物、水體污染物、土壤污染物等。按污染物的形態(tài)可分為氣體污染物、液體污染物和固體廢物。


  按污染物的性質(zhì)可分為化學(xué)污染物、物理污染物和生物污染物;化學(xué)污染物又可分為無(wú)機(jī)污染物和有機(jī)污染物;物理污染物又可分為噪聲、微波輻射、放射性污染物等;生物污染物又可分為病原體、變應(yīng)原污染物等。按污染物在環(huán)境中物理、化學(xué)性狀的變化可分為一次污染物和二次污染物。


  污染物的等級(jí)有:


  1、灰塵


  灰塵一般漂浮在空氣中,并漂落沉附在物體表面?;覊m的顆粒細(xì)小,其成份并不復(fù)雜,但來(lái)源廣泛。如,空氣中的灰、沙、人體的毛發(fā)、皮屑,植物的皮屑、纖維,各種物體表面的微粒等。


  2、污漬


  污漬由多種成份的灰塵與水、油等混合組成,污染物體表面而形成一定范圍的漬跡。如果不及時(shí)清除,就會(huì)長(zhǎng)期留存,使污染物體受到嚴(yán)重的污損。


  3、污垢


  污垢的成份復(fù)雜,它是由水基混合物或油基混合物或兩者兼有形成,比污漬還要堅(jiān)固。如不及時(shí)清除,它會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)留存在物體表面,使物體失去光彩。


  污染物英文


  二章大氣污染防治的監(jiān)督管理


  ChapterIISupervisionandManagementofthePreventionandControlofAtmosphericPollution


  第十一條新建、擴(kuò)建、改建向大氣排放污染物的項(xiàng)目,必須遵守國(guó)家有關(guān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境保護(hù)管理的規(guī)定。


  Article11Newconstructionprojects,expansionorreconstructionprojectswhichdischargeatmosphericpollutantsshallbegovernedbytheStateregulationsconcerningenvironmentalprotectionforsuchprojects.


  建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書(shū),必須對(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目可能產(chǎn)生的大氣污染和對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響作出評(píng)價(jià),規(guī)定防治措施,并按照規(guī)定的程序報(bào)環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)審查批準(zhǔn)。


  Anenvironmentalimpactstatementonconstructionprojectsshallincludeanassessmentoftheatmosphericpollutiontheprojectislikelytoproduceanditsimpactontheecosystem,stipulatethepreventiveandcurativemeasures.Thestatementshallbesubmitted,accordingtothespecifiedprocedure,totheadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionconcernedforexaminationandapproval.


  建設(shè)項(xiàng)目投入生產(chǎn)或者使用之前,其大氣污染防治設(shè)施必須經(jīng)過(guò)環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)驗(yàn)收,達(dá)不到國(guó)家有關(guān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境保護(hù)管理規(guī)定的要求的建設(shè)項(xiàng)目,不得投入生產(chǎn)或者使用。


  Whenaconstructionprojectistobeputintooperationortouse,itsfacilitiesforthepreventionofatmosphericpollutionmustbecheckedandacceptedbytheadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotection.ConstructionprojectsthatdonotfulfilltherequirementsspecifiedintheStateregulationsconcerningenvironmentalprotectionforsuchconstructionprojectsshallnotbepermittedtobeginoperationortouse.


  第十二條向大氣排放污染物的單位,必須按照國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)的規(guī)定向所在地的環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)申報(bào)擁有的污染物排放設(shè)施、處理設(shè)施和在正常作業(yè)條件下排放污染物的種類、數(shù)量、濃度,并提供防治大氣污染方面的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料。


  Article12Unitsthatdischargeatmosphericpollutantsmust,pursuanttotheprovisionsoftheadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionundertheStateCouncil,reporttothelocaladministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionitsexistingdischargeandtreatmentfacilitiesforpollutantsandthecategories,quantitiesandconcentrationsofpollutantsdischargedundernormaloperationconditionsandsubmittothesamedepartmentrelevanttechnicaldataconcerningthepreventionandcontrolofatmosphericpollution.


  前款規(guī)定的排污單位排放大氣污染物的種類、數(shù)量、濃度有重大改變的,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)申報(bào);


  Unitsthatdischargepollutantsasspecifiedintheprecedingparagraphshallreportinduetimeaboutanysubstantialchangeinthecategory,quantityorconcentrationoftheatmosphericpollutantsdischarged.


  其大氣污染物處理設(shè)施必須保持正常使用,拆除或者閑置大氣污染物處理設(shè)施的,必須事先報(bào)經(jīng)所在地的縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)。


  Theiratmosphericpollutanttreatmentfacilitiesmustensurenormaloperations.Wherethesaidfacilitiesaretobedismantledorleftidle,approvalofthelocaladministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionunderthepeople'sgovernmentabovethecountylevelshallbeobtainedinadvance.


  第十三條向大氣排放污染物的,其污染物排放濃度不得超過(guò)國(guó)家和地方規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。


  Article13Whereatmosphericpollutantsaredischarged,theconcentrationofthesaidpollutantsmaynotexceedthestandardsprescribedbytheStateandlocalauthorities.


  第十四條國(guó)家實(shí)行按照向大氣排放污染物的種類和數(shù)量征收排污費(fèi)的制度,根據(jù)加強(qiáng)大氣污染防治的要求和國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)條件合理制定排污費(fèi)的征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。


  Article14TheStateimplementsasystemofcollectingfeesfordischargingpollutantsonthebasisofthecategoriesandquantitiesoftheatmosphericpollutantsdischarged,andestablishingreasonablestandardsforcollectingthefeesthereforaccordingtotheneedsofstrengtheningpreventionandcontrolofatmosphericpollutionandtheState'seconomicandtechnologicalconditions.


  征收排污費(fèi)必須遵守國(guó)家規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),具體辦法和實(shí)施步驟由國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定。


  ThestandardsprovidedbytheStateshallbeobservedinthecollectionoffeesfordischargeofpollutants,theconcretemeasuresthereforand.StateCouncilshallenacttheimplementingprocedures


  征收的排污費(fèi)一律上繳財(cái)政,按照國(guó)務(wù)院的規(guī)定用于大氣污染防治,不得挪作他用,并由審計(jì)機(jī)關(guān)依法實(shí)施審計(jì)監(jiān)督。


  ThefeescollectedfordischargeofpollutantsshallallbeturnedovertotheTreasuryandshallbeusedforthepreventionandcontrolofatmosphericpollutionasprescribedbytheStateCouncilandmaynotbemisappropriated.Theauditingauthoritiesshallexercisesupervisionthroughauditingaccordingtolaw.


  第十五條國(guó)務(wù)院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府對(duì)尚未達(dá)到規(guī)定的大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的區(qū)域和國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)劃定的酸雨控制區(qū)、二氧化硫污染控制區(qū),可以劃定為主要大氣污染物排放總量控制區(qū)。


  Article15WithregardtotheregionsnotmeetingtheprescribedstandardsforthequalityofatmosphericenvironmentandtheacidraincontrolareasandthesulfurdioxidepollutioncontrolareasdesignatedassuchwiththeapprovaloftheStateCouncil,theStateCouncilorthepeople'sgovernmentofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentmaydelimitthemasthemajorareasforthetotalemissioncontrolairpollutants.


  主要大氣污染物排放總量控制的具體辦法由國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定。


  TheconcretemeasuresfortheStateCouncilshallprescribethetotalemissioncontrolofmajorairpollutants.


  大氣污染物總量控制區(qū)內(nèi)有關(guān)地方人民政府依照國(guó)務(wù)院規(guī)定的條件和程序,按照公開(kāi)、公平、公正的原則,核定企業(yè)事業(yè)單位的主要大氣污染物排放總量,核發(fā)主要大氣污染物排放許可證。


  Thelocalpeople'sgovernmentconcernedintheareasforthecontroloftotalemissionofairpollutantsshallcheckandapprovethetotalemissionofmajorairpollutantsbyenterprisesandinstitutionsandissuethemlicensesforemissionofmajorairpollutants.ItshalldothisinaccordancewiththeconditionsandproceduresprovidedbytheStateCouncilandinlinewiththeprinciplesofopenness,fairnessandimpartiality.


  有大氣污染物總量控制任務(wù)的企業(yè)事業(yè)單位,必須按照核定的主要大氣污染物排放總量和許可證規(guī)定的排放條件排放污染物。


  Theenterprisesandinstitutionsobligedtocontroltheirtotalemissionofairpollutantsmustemittheirpollutantsaccordingtothecheckedandapprovedstandardsforthetotalemissionofmajorairpollutantsandtheconditionsofemissionprovidedbythelicense.


  第十六條在國(guó)務(wù)院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府劃定的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、自然保護(hù)區(qū)、文物保護(hù)單位附近地區(qū)和其他需要特別保護(hù)的區(qū)域內(nèi),不得建設(shè)污染環(huán)境的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)施;


  Article16Noindustrialproductionfacilitiesthatcauseenvironmentalpollutionshallbebuiltwithinscenicspotsorplacesofhistoricalinterest,naturalreserves,areasclosetohistoricalorculturalsitesunderprotectionandotherplacesthatneedspecialprotection,asdesignatedbytheStateCouncilorthepeople'sgovernmentofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment.


  建設(shè)其他設(shè)施,其污染物排放不得超過(guò)規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。


  Otherfacilitiestobebuiltintheseareasmustnotemitairpollutantsinaccessoftheprescribedstandardsforpollutantdischarge.


  在本法施行前企業(yè)事業(yè)單位已經(jīng)建成的設(shè)施,其污染物排放超過(guò)規(guī)定的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,依照本法第四十八條的規(guī)定限期治理。


  EnterprisesandinstitutionswhichbuiltbeforetheenforcementofthisLaw,withfacilitiesdischargingmorepollutantsthanpermittedbytheprescribeddischargestandardsshallbeorderedtodealtwithwithinaperiodoftimeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle48ofthisLaw.


  第十七條國(guó)務(wù)院按照城市總體規(guī)劃、環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃目標(biāo)和城市大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況,劃定大氣污染防治重點(diǎn)城市。


  Article17TheStateCouncilshall,inaccordancewiththegeneralplanforurbandevelopment,thetargetoftheenvironmentprotectionplanandthequalityoftheurbanatmosphericenvironment,designatesomecitiesaskeycitiesforthecontrolofairpollution.


  直轄市、省會(huì)城市、沿海開(kāi)放城市和重點(diǎn)旅游城市應(yīng)當(dāng)列入大氣污染防治重點(diǎn)城市。


  MunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,provincialcapitals,coastalopencitiesandkeytouristcitiesshallbedesignatedaskeycitiesforthecontrolofairpollution.


  未達(dá)到大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大氣污染防治重點(diǎn)城市,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)務(wù)院或者國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)規(guī)定的期限,達(dá)到大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。


  Wherekeycitiesforthecontrolofairpollutiondonotmeetthestandardsforthequalityoftheatmosphericenvironment,theyshallendeavortomeetsuchstandardswithinthetimelimitprescribedbytheStateCouncilortheadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionundertheStateCouncil.


  該城市人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)制定限期達(dá)標(biāo)規(guī)劃,并可以根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院的授權(quán)或者規(guī)定,采取更加嚴(yán)格的措施,按期實(shí)現(xiàn)達(dá)標(biāo)規(guī)劃。


  Thepeople'sgovernmentofsuchacityshallmakeplanstomeetthestandardswithinthetimelimit,andmay,inlinewiththeauthorizationorrelevantregulationsoftheStateCouncil,adoptevenmorestringentmeasurestorealizesuchplans.


  第十八條國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén),根據(jù)氣象、地形、土壤等自然條件,可以對(duì)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生、可能產(chǎn)生酸雨的地區(qū)或者其他二氧化硫污染嚴(yán)重的地區(qū),經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)后,劃定為酸雨控制區(qū)或者二氧化硫污染控制區(qū)。


  Article18TheadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionundertheStateCounciltogetherwithrelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncilmay,inlightofthemeteorological,topographical,soilandothernaturalconditions,delimittheareaswhereacidrainhasoccurredorwillprobablyoccurandareasthatareseriouslypollutedbysulfurdioxideasacidraincontrolareasandsulfurdioxidepollutioncontrolareaswiththeapprovaltheStateCouncil.


  第十九條企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先采用能源利用效率高、污染物排放量少的清潔生產(chǎn)工藝,減少大氣污染物的產(chǎn)生。


  Article19Enterprisesshallgiveprioritytotheadoptionofcleanproductiontechniquesthatareinstrumentaltohighefficientuseofenergyandtoreducingthedischargeofpollutantssoastodecreasethegenerationofatmosphericpollutants.


  國(guó)家對(duì)嚴(yán)重污染大氣環(huán)境的落后生產(chǎn)工藝和嚴(yán)重污染大氣環(huán)境的落后設(shè)備實(shí)行淘汰制度。


  TheStateshalleliminatebackwardproductiontechniquesandequipmentthatseriouslypollutestheatmosphericenvironment.


  國(guó)務(wù)院經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合主管部門(mén)會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)公布限期禁止采用的嚴(yán)重污染大氣環(huán)境的工藝名錄和限期禁止生產(chǎn)、禁止銷售、禁止進(jìn)口、禁止使用的嚴(yán)重污染大氣環(huán)境的設(shè)備名錄。


  ThecompetentdepartmentforcomprehensiveeconomicandtradeaffairsundertheStateCouncil,inconjunctionwithotherrelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,shallpublishacatalogofthetechniqueswhichseriouslypollutetheatmosphericenvironmentonesthatshallbeprohibitedfromusewithinatimelimit.Itshallalsocatalogtheequipmentwhichseriouslypollutestheatmosphericenvironmentandwhichshallbeprohibitedfromproduction,sale,importandusewithinatimelimit.


  生產(chǎn)者、銷售者、進(jìn)口者或者使用者必須在國(guó)務(wù)院經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合主管部門(mén)會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)分別停止生產(chǎn)、銷售、進(jìn)口或者使用列入前款規(guī)定的名錄中的設(shè)備。


  Producers,sellers,importersorusersshallstoptheproduction,sale,importationoruseoftheequipmentlistedinthecatalogasmentionedintheprecedingparagraph.ThismustbedonewithinthetimelimitprescribedbythecompetentdepartmentforcomprehensiveeconomicandtradeaffairsundertheStateCouncilinconjunctionwiththerelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil.


  生產(chǎn)工藝的采用者必須在國(guó)務(wù)院經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合主管部門(mén)會(huì)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)停止采用列入前款規(guī)定的名錄中的工藝。


  Peoplewhoutilizestheproductiontechniqueslistedinthecatalogasmentionedintheprecedingparagraphshall,withinthetimelimitprescribedbythecompetentdepartmentforcomprehensiveeconomicaffairsundertheStateCouncilinconjunctionwiththerelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,stoptheuseofsuchtechniques.


  依照前兩款規(guī)定被淘汰的設(shè)備,不得轉(zhuǎn)讓給他人使用。


  Theequipmenteliminatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheprecedingtwoparagraphsmaynotbetransferredtoanotherforuse.


  第二十條單位因發(fā)生事故或者其他突然性事件,排放和泄漏有毒有害氣體和放射性物質(zhì),造成或者可能造成大氣污染事故、危害人體健康的,必須立即采取防治大氣污染危害的應(yīng)急措施,通報(bào)可能受到大氣污染危害的單位和居民,并報(bào)告當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén),接受調(diào)查處理。


  Article20Anyunitthat,asaresultofanaccidentoranyotherexigency,dischargesorleakstoxicorharmfulgasesorradioactivesubstances,therebycausingorthreateningtocauseanaccidentofatmosphericpollutionandjeopardizehumanhealth,mustpromptlytakeemergencymeasurestopreventandcontroltheatmosphericpollutionhazards,makethesituationknowntosuchunitsandinhabitantsasarelikelytobeendangeredbytheatmosphericpollutionhazards,reportthesituationtothelocaladministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionandacceptitsinvestigationandsettlement.


  在大氣受到嚴(yán)重污染,危害人體健康和安全的緊急情況下,當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裾畱?yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窆?,采取?qiáng)制性應(yīng)急措施,包括責(zé)令有關(guān)排污單位停止排放污染物。


  Undertheemergencyofasevereatmosphericpollutionthatmayjeopardizehumanhealthandsafety,thelocalpeople'sgovernmentshallannouncethesituationtothelocalresidentswithoutdelayandtakecompulsoryemergencymeasures,includingorderingthepollutantdischargingunitsconcernedtostopthedischargeofpollutants.


  第二十一條環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)和其他監(jiān)督管理部門(mén)有權(quán)對(duì)管轄范圍內(nèi)的排污單位進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢查,


  Article21Theadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionandothersupervisoryandadministrativedepartmentsshallbeempoweredtomakeon-siteinspectionsofunitsundertheirjurisdictionthatdischargepollutants.


  被檢查單位必須如實(shí)反映情況,提供必要的資料。


  Theunitsbeinginspectedmusttruthfullyreportthesituationtothemandprovidethemwiththenecessaryinformation.


  檢查部門(mén)有義務(wù)為被檢查單位保守技術(shù)秘密和業(yè)務(wù)秘密。


  Theinspectingauthoritiesshallhavetheobligationtokeepconfidentialthetechnologicalknow-howandbusinesssecretsoftheunitsinspected.


  第二十二條國(guó)務(wù)院環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)建立大氣污染監(jiān)測(cè)制度,組織監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò),制定統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)測(cè)方法。


  Article22TheadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionundertheStateCouncilshallsetupamonitoringsystemforatmosphericpollution,organizeamonitoringnetworkandworkoutunifiedmonitoringmeasures.


  第二十三條大、中城市人民政府環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門(mén)應(yīng)當(dāng)定期發(fā)布大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況公報(bào),并逐步開(kāi)展大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量預(yù)報(bào)工作。


  Article23Theadministrativedepartmentofenvironmentalprotectionunderthepeople'sgovernmentsoflargeandmedium-sizedcitiesshallregularlypublishreportsonthequalityoftheatmosphericenvironmentandgraduallyintroducethesystemofforecastingthequalityofatmosphericenvironment.


  大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況公報(bào)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括城市大氣環(huán)境污染特征、主要污染物的種類及污染危害程度等內(nèi)容。


  Areportonthequalityoftheatmosphericenvironmentshallincludesuchcontentsasthecharacteristicsofurbanatmosphericpollution,thetypesofmajorpollutantsandtheextentofharmcausedbythepollution.


  污染物分為哪幾類


  主要有以下幾種分類1)按污染物的來(lái)源分為:自然來(lái)源污染物和人為來(lái)源污染物。


  2)按污染物的環(huán)境要素分為:大氣污染物、水體污染物、土壤污染物等:


  其中,大氣污染物包括SO2、NOx、CO等有害氣體和固體顆粒污染物;


  水體污染物包括有毒重金屬(As、Cd、Hg、Pb等)、有害陰離子(CN、S、F等)、過(guò)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)(NH4、NO2、NO3、PO4等)和有機(jī)污染物(酚類、農(nóng)藥、表面活性劑、多環(huán)芳烴、有機(jī)含鹵化物等);


  土壤中的主要污染物是化肥、農(nóng)藥和重金屬等。


  3)按污染物的形態(tài)可分為氣體污染物、液體污染物和固體污染物。


  4)按污染物的性質(zhì)可分為化學(xué)污染物、物理污染物和生物污染物


  污染物英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)


  燃煤煙氣污染物超低排放


  Ultralowemissionoffluegaspollutantsfromcoalcombustion


  燃煤煙氣污染物超低排放


  Ultralowemissionoffluegaspollutantsfromcoalcombustion

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